Unlike residency programmes, CBI confers full citizenship, typically after enhanced due diligence rather than long physical residence. Caribbean programmes (for example Antigua & Barbuda, St Kitts & Nevis, Dominica, Grenada, St Lucia) historically offered a government-fund donation or an approved real-estate investment route.
CBI is politically sensitive: minimum investment levels, visa-free travel benefits and even programme existence shift with international pressure, and due-diligence standards have been raised. The EU has moved against member-state "golden passport" schemes. Any benefit (such as visa-free access) can be withdrawn.
For buyers, a CBI-linked property is a cross-border legal and tax decision, not just a purchase. Verify the programme's current status, use licensed agents, and take independent tax and immigration advice — acquiring a new citizenship can create new tax and reporting obligations.